The rural area is the highlight of social construction and social management. The improvement of rural social management and livelihood can accumulate positive energy for economic and social development, and for promoting social harmony. The Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC has established the social management system for the participation of multiple subjects, which has provided the systematic guarantee for rural social management. However, both the lack of peasants civil awareness and the immaturity of rural civil society have become the main factors that restrict rural social management innovation. Therefore, we must improve the peasants civility and promote the development of rural society through the cultivation of peasants civil awareness, so as to shape it into an innovative system of rural social management led by the Party, sponsored by the government, coordinated with all the social sectors, and participated by the peasants, and mutually develop it into a vibrant society with a strong government hand in hand.