Focusing on the conjunctions between Confucius doctrine and Emersons thought through studying their speeches on self-cultivation, this paper makes a painstaking analysis of their conjunctions from the perspective of “self-cultivation”. Both Confucius and Emerson believe in mans perfectibility, and then attach importance to mans self-cultivation of morality, and naturally place special emphasis on idea characters. Through the comparative studies of the conjunctions between Confucius doctrine and Emersons thought, we can find that there are some similarly cultural heritages between Chinese culture and American culture, which has the feasibility theoretical basis for the research on college English teaching and cultivation of undergraduates perfect personality from the perspective of cultural criticism.