This paper proves that an efficient development system of transferred rural human resources must be constructed to speed up the effective transfer of rural labor, to improve farmers income and integrated quality, and to accelerate the process of urbanization and industrialization. Learning from the theory of social ecological system, this paper creatively constructs an efficient development system of Chinas transferred rural human resources including four subsystems, i.e. the macro subsystem of policies and regulations, the external subsystem of support and guarantee, the inter subsystem of development mode, and the micro subsystem of development and implementation.