This is a data-based comprehensive study of the distribution and grammatical features of adverbial morphemes in Mandarin Chinese. It is claimed that: (1) there are 40 monosyllabic free adverbial morphemes, 133 semi-free adverbial morphemes and 10 bound adverbial morphemes in Mandarin Chinese, with a large number of semi-free adverbial morpheme covering rich semantic types and a variety of grammatical features; (2) the existence of various forms of adverbial morphemes indicates the influence of implicit lexical rules on lexical patterns; and (3) the monosyllabic adverbial morphemes display such grammatical attributes as “strong combination”, “rhythm dependence”, “productivity”, “situatedness” as well as “classic elegance”, which embody not only cross linguistic universals, but also certain specialty of Mandarin Chinese.