From the longitudinal evolution perspective of the “statesociety” relationship, since the 20th century China rural cultural development has experienced three stages. During the period of the traditional relationship transition between the state and society, related research mainly focus on the change trend of rural culture, the farmer contending culture, the change of cultural cohesion between the state and rural society. During the period of the state integrating the rural society, the related research mainly focus on the way and the strength how the state transformed the rural areas by the culture, and the changes in rural community culture and behavior logic of the rural related actors. During the period of village governance. after the state power from the rural society, the related research mainly focus on some elements of traditional culture revival and the public culture of the countryside remodeling. Implications of carding the three periods of the research on the rural cultural of china for the construction of new rural culture as: Culture building must first ensure national mainstream cultural values in the countryside, leading the direction of the development of rural culture; The second should pay attention to the rural network of local culture to undertake the role of making the national mainstream value down to earth; the third should pay attention to the farmers’ culture requirements; The fourth should pay attention to play a positive function of traditional and habitual culture in the rural areas.