The study of modern Chinese dialects starts with comparative studies and progresses through comparative studies. The research of Chinese dialects in Hunan Province has always run through the comparative studies, the contents of which include seven aspects, i.e. the comparative study of phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, history, geography, and ethnic language. There exist some insufficiencies in the comparative studies of Chinese dialects of Hunan Province. In order to deepen its studies, there are some urgent needs to research on the new comparative study programs.