Hunans history had seen frequent outbreaks of the epidemic disasters. During the period of the Nanjing National Government, Hunan people launched the epidemic prevention and treatment movement, which began to integrate prevention with treatment. Besides the prevention was vigorously carried out, the treatment had also achieved some results. However, many unfavorable factors, such as unrest political situations, continued wars, official corruptions, frequent occurrences of natural disasters, and shortage of funds, had resulted in limited effectiveness.