Mao Zedong believed that China was a society of class antagonisms, while Liang Shuming held that China was a society of ethics standard. Therefore, both of them were on a different road to save the nation according to their understandings of the nature of Chinese society. Finally, Mao Zedong was successful in his road to save the nation. Though Mao Zedong succeeded in salvation of the nation, their understandings of Chinese society was not merely a simple matter of being right or wrong at that time.