As a complicated system, Chinas national governance includes politics, economy, society and culture. Studies on this topic must go deep into the elements of the governance system. Owing to its great explanatory power for this issue, structural functionalism is very useful. Seeing from the history, although there are social forces involved, yet the state or the government is always the “main force” in traditional society. When facing modernization, the constituent elements of the national governance system should be more diversified, and their boundaries should also be more articulate. Meanwhile, the elemental behavior should shape the values, so as to provide a stable support for the governance system. However, in the process of coupling elements, we must pay attention to the structural tension between the various elements, and realize the stability by adjusting the elemental behavior.